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This information is stored as stable, global, core beliefs, not immediately accessible to conscious reflection. Overall, how people think has been implicated in a number of sexual problems and targeting cognitions has become an integral part of sex therapy.ĭavid Kingdon, Helen Mander, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015 Cognitive Behavioral Theoryīeck's cognitive theory of depression ( Beck et al., 1979) describes how, through early experiences, people develop beliefs about themselves, the world, and the future.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy has also been used to address distorted thinking, anxiety, and maladaptive thoughts in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder with nearly half the women benefiting from this type of treatment ( Althof et al., 2005). Common cognitive distractions include performance anxiety and feelings of inadequacy. Mental distractions from the sexual stimuli are then detrimental to the physical sexual responses of the man. For example, Barlow (1986) theorized that anxiety in men with erectile dysfunction caused cognitive interference, distractibility, and an inadequate processing of sexual stimuli. (2005) reviewed how cognitive factors, such as a lack of sexual confidence, anxiety, depression, inadequate sexual information, guilt, and low self-esteem can also trigger or maintain more commonplace sexual problems, such as low sex drive and erectile dysfunction. Thus, how people think can have a strong impact on their behaviors and how they express their sexuality.Īlthof et al. These programs are considered empirically supported in reducing recidivism ( Beech et al., 2013). The majority of sex offender treatment programs in the United States and the United Kingdom take a cognitive-behavioral approach in teaching offenders to change their thoughts and behavior patterns in order not to reoffend. For example, sex offenders, such as child molesters, tend to have distorted thinking, including what Ward and Keenan (1999) refer to as implicit theories about the world, which include viewing children as sexual beings entitled to sexual fulfillment seeing other adults as dangerous believing that sexuality is fundamentally uncontrollable and assuming that there is little harm and potentially even benefits associated with sexually abusing a child. Cognitive theories are readily translated into therapeutic interventions, especially through cognitive-behavioral therapy, which seeks to address cognitive distortions and maladaptive assumptions to develop healthier interpretations of, and reactions to events. Reissing, Heather VanZuylen, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015 Cognitive TheoriesĬognitive theories share the basis that one's thoughts and interpretations of the environment are prone to errors, distortions, and incorrect assumptions. The explanatory scope of Bio↔Psychology Network Theory is comparable to that of cognitive theory and psychodynamic theory.Įlke D. The phenomena that can be explained by the four core network principles that constitute the explanatory nucleus and the eight corollary network principles cover a broad spectrum of basic psychological phenomenon. This theory has an enormous explanatory scope much larger than I ever expected. In contrast, the Bio↔Psychology Network Theory was constructed from replicable psychological facts that have been predicted and observed so frequently as to no longer be seriously questioned. While this is somewhat true of the other two theories, it seems to be more true of psychodynamic theory. But it is also often vague and postdictive. The explanatory scope of psychodynamic theories is truly large.

Whereas the Bio↔Psychology Network Theory has 12 principles that can be combined in specific ways to explain particular psychological phenomena, the generalized cognitive theory that underlies CBT has nothing comparable. What is missing is a more nuanced explanation of each psychological topic that one claims falls within the explanatory scope of the cognitive theory underlying CBT. The generalized cognitive theory that underlies all variants of CBT has a large explanatory scope, in that one can say that cognition influences affect and behavior regarding any topic. Tryon, in Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy, 2014 Explanatory Scope Cognitive Theory